Road investments in Poland from a regional perspective: classification and profiling of regions based on 2024 road tender data

Abstract

This article presents an analysis of regional differentiation in road investments in Poland based on public procurement data from 2024. The study covered 10,397 tender procedures related to design, construction, reconstruction, renovation, and maintenance of road infrastructure. In the first stage of analysis, investments were classified by task type (construction, reconstruction, renovation, maintenance, design, other) and road category (national, regional, county, municipal, other). Reconstructions (40.2%) and constructions (24.2%) had the largest share, with investments of undefined road category dominating (80.6%). Subsequently, spatial analysis of investment activity was conducted at the voivodeship level, considering the number, average, and total value of tenders. A typology of voivodeships was developed based on four-quadrant classification, and the k-means method was applied to identify four groups of regions with different investment profiles. The results indicate significant regional disparities – from investment leaders (Mazowieckie, Wielkopolskie, Małopolskie) to regions with limited activity (Opolskie, Lubuskie). The study provides valuable information for transport policy planning and allocation of public funds for road infrastructure development.