English
Język Polski
Simplifications of the numerical model in the design of bar and diaphragm bracing systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24425/ace.2025.155099Abstract
The topic of transversal roof bracing design was discussed. The analysis was performed in ABAQUS for a part of the steel single-storey building roof consisting of truss girders and purlins. Structure with both diaphragm bracing (trapezoidal sheeting) and bar bracing was considered. Imperfection-origin forces (implemented using stabilising force) and wind loads were taken into account. Following modifications of the numerical model were analysed: substitution of the 3D shell model of the sheeting with an equivalent orthotropic shell, omission of the elasticity properties of the purlin-to-sheeting connection, omission of the eccentricity between purlins and sheeting. Influence of the simplifications of the numerical model on forces in bracing was assessed. Substitution of the 3D shell model of the sheeting with the equivalent orthotropic shell model with modification of the matrix stiffness according to the stressed skin theory gave more satisfactory results of the extreme forces in bar bracing than using “standard” stiffness matrix element values. What is more, the numeration simplification of the purlin-to-sheeting connection (omission of the connection flexibilities) affected the results less than the omission of the purlin-sheeting eccentricity.References
[1] J.M. Davies, M.J. Roberts, and Y.C. Wang, “Stressed skin theory and structure cladding interaction: Safety concerns with Big Sheds”, Thin-Walled Structures, vol. 169, art. no. 108415, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.tws.2021.108415.
[2] M.J. Roberts, J.M. Davies, and Y.C. Wang, “Modern cladding systems for big sheds: The emerging state of the art”, Thin-Walled Structures, vol. 175, art. no. 109264, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.tws.2022.109264.
[3] M. Roberts and J.M. Davies, “3D models of clad steel structures – Assumptions and validation”, in Current Perspectives and New Directions in Mechanics, Modelling and Design of Structural Systems: Proceedings of The Eighth International Conference on Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, 5-7 September 2022, Cape Town, South Africa. CRC Press, 2022, doi: 10.1201/9781003348443.
[4] M.J. Roberts, J.M. Davies, and Y.C. Wang, “Numerical analysis of a clad portal frame structure tested to destruction”, Structures, vol. 33, pp. 3779-3797, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2021.06.098.
[5] ECCS, European Recommendations for the Application of Metal Sheeting Acting as a Diaphragm. Stressed Skin Design. European Convention for Constructional Steelwork, 1995.
[6] ECCS, European Recommendations on the Stabilization of Steel Structures by Sandwich Panels. European Convention for Constructional Steelwork, 2014.
[7] Z. Nagy, B.-A. Lőrincz, A. Kelemen, G. Zsongor, and A. Sánduly, “Experimental investigations on diaphragms made of sandwich panels and corrugated sheets”, presented at Ninth International Conference on Thin-Walled Structures – ICTWS2023, 29 November-1 December 2023, Sydney, Australia, 2024.
[8] K. Ciesielczyk and R. Studziński, “Experimental investigation of sandwich panels supported by thin-walled beams under various load arrangements and number of connectors”, Archives of Civil Engineering, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 389-402, 2022, doi: 10.24425/ace.2022.143045.
[9] N. Korcz-Konkol and E. Urbańska-Galewska, “Influence of sheet/purlin fasteners spacing on shear flexibility of the diaphragm”, MATEC Web of Conferences, vol. 219, art. no. 02007, 2018, doi: 10.1051/matecconf/201821902007.
[10] M. Gryniewicz and J.K. Szlendak, “FEM model of the steel building roof includes stressed skin diaphragm action effects”, in Proceedings of the XIII International Conference on Metal Structures: ICMS 2016. CRC Press, 2016, pp. 93-100.
[11] M. Gryniewicz, M.J. Roberts, and J. M. Davies, “Testing and analysis of a full-scale steel-framed building including the consideration of structure-cladding interaction”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, vol. 181, art. no. 106611, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2021.106611.
[12] Z. Nagy, A. Pop, I. Mois, and R. Ballok, “Stressed Skin Effect on the Elastic Buckling of Pitched Roof Portal Frames”, Structures, vol. 8, pp. 227-244, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.istruc.2016.05.001. The numerical calculations were performed using the computing resources of CI TASK at Gdańsk University of Technology.
[13] Z. Nagy, A. Kelemen, and M. Nedelcu, “The influence on portal frame buckling of different cladding systems – A comparative numerical study considering stressed skin effect”, Thin-Walled Structures, vol. 182, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.tws.2022.110310.
[14] N. Korcz, “Modele numeryczne uwzględniające tarczową pracę pokrycia dachowego z blach trapezowych”, Czasopismo Inżynierii Lądowej, Środowiska i Architektury / Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture, vol. 64, no. 4/I, pp. 213-228, 2017, doi: 10.7862/rb.2017.207.
[15] N. Korcz and E. Urbańska-Galewska, “Influence of fasteners and connections flexibility on deflections of steel building including the stressed skin effect”, Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 131-148, 2018, doi: 10.31648/ts.2722.
[16] N. Korcz-Konkol and P. Iwicki, “Truss imperfections in the design of bar and diaphragm bracing systems”, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, vol. 206, art. no. 107936, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jcsr.2023.107936.
[17] ABAQUS, Abaqus Documentation 2021. Dassault systèmes SIMULIA Corp., 2021.
[18] N. Korcz-Konkol and P. Iwicki, “Stabilizing forces in trapezoidal sheeting used as a part of the bracing system”, ce/papers, vol. 4, no. 2-4, pp. 2242-2248, 2021, doi: 10.1002/cepa.1545.
[19] EN 1993-1-1 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures – Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. CEN, 2005.
[20] Y. Xia, M.I. Friswell, and E.I.S. Flores, “Equivalent models of corrugated panels”, International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 49, no. 13, pp. 1453-1462, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2012.02.023.
[21] PN-EN-1993-4-1 Eurokod 3. Projektowanie konstrukcji stalowych. Część 4-1: Silosy. PKN, 2009.
[22] D. Briassoulis, “Equivalent orthotropic properties of corrugated sheets”, Computers & Structures, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 129-138, 1986, doi: 10.1016/0045-7949(86)90207-5.
[23] A. Samanta and M. Mukhopadhyay, “Finite element static and dynamic analyses of folded plates”, Engineering Structures, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 277-287, 1999, doi: 10.1016/S0141-0296(97)90172-3.
[24] K.M. Liew, L.X. Peng, and S. Kitipornchai, “Buckling analysis of corrugated plates using a mesh-free Galerkin method based on the first-order shear deformation theory”, Computational Mechanics, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 61-75, 2006, doi: 10.1007/s00466-005-0721-2.
[25] Z. Ma, J. Havula, K. Mela, and J. Kesti, “Structural Fire Analysis of One-storey Steel-framed Buildings with Steel Claddings”, ce/papers, vol. 4, no. 2-4, pp. 1213-1222, 2021, doi: 10.1002/cepa.1414.
[26] J. Bródka, R. Garncarek, and K. Miłaczewski, Blachy fałdowe w budownictwie stalowym. Warszawa: Arkady, 1999.
[27] M. Gryniewicz and J. Szlendak, ”Wpływ współpracy pokrycia dachowego na przemieszczenia konstrukcji hali stalowej”, Inżynieria i Budownictwo, vol. 72, no. 8, pp. 431-434, 2016.
[28] D. Wennberg, P. Wennhage, and S. Stichel, ”Orthotropic Models of Corrugated Sheets in Finite Element Analysis”, ISRN Mechanical Engineering, vol. 2011, art. no. 979532, 2011, doi: 10.5402/2011/979532.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
