The influence of temperature change on force increase in steel struts supporting diaphragm walls

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24425/ace.2025.156173

Abstract

The intense development of urban infrastructure and the construction of deep excavations mean, that diaphragm walls are becoming one of the typical structural elements of this type of facilities, the stability of which is ensured by a system of steel struts. The paper focuses on the assessment of the value of the force in the steel tubular strut caused by the temperature difference and values of parameters necessary for proper analysis of diaphragm wall displacements. Using statistical methods to analyse more than 100,000 data from various measurements, the values of the m coefficient describing force increase in the strut at a temperature change of 1ºC were determined. The analyses allowed to determine values of the m coefficients recommended in the design of strutted diaphragm walls. These values can be used in design practice and allow to determine an additional force in the steel tubular strut due to the temperature difference.

References

[1] H. Zobel and T. Al-Khafaji, Mosty stalowe. Warszawa: PWN, 2023.

[2] CCEMS, “Technical code for excavation engineering in Shanghai”, China, Shanghai, 1997.

[3] A.R. Gaba, B. Simpson, W. Powrie, and D.R. Beadman, Embedded retaining walls: guidance for economic design. CIRIA Report FR/CP/96 Report 629. London, 2002.

[4] A.R. Gaba, S. Hardy, L. Doughty, W. Powrie, and D. Selemetas, Guidance on embedded retaining wall design. CIRIA report C760. London, 2017.

[5] W. Powrie and M. Batten, Prop loads in large braced excavations. CIRIA report nr 77. London, 2000.

[6] D. Twine and H. Roscoe, Temporary propping of deep excavation – guidance on design. CIRIA C 517. London, 1999.

[7] D.J. Richards, G. Holmes, and D.R. Beadman, “Measurement of temporary prop loads at Mayfair car park”, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers -Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 137, no. 3, pp. 165-174, 1999, doi: 10.1680/gt.1999.370305.

[8] D.T. Goldberg, W.E. Jaworski, and M.D. Gordon, “Design Fundamentals”, in Lateral support systems and underpinning, vol. 2. Washington, 1976.

[9] R.B. Peck, “Deep excavation and tunneling in soft ground”, in Proceeding 7th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Mexico City, 1969, pp. 225-290.

[10] S.J. Boone and A.M. Crawford, “The effects of temperature and use of vibrating wire strain gauges for braced excavations”, Geotechnical News, vol. 18, pp. 24-28, 2000.

[11] J. Dunnicliff, Geotechnical instrumentation for monitoring field performance. A Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1988.

[12] Norwegian Geotechnical Institute Technical Report No. 2, Measurements at a strutted excavation, Oslo Subway, km 1,982. Oslo, 1962.

[13] Norwegian Geotechnical Institute Technical Report No. 3, Measurements at a strutted excavation, Oslo Technical School. Oslo, 1962.

[14] Norwegian Geotechnical Institute Technical Report No. 9. Vibrating Wire measuring devices used at strutted excavations, Oslo Technical School. Oslo, 1962.

[15] K. Endo and T. Kawasaki, “On the temperature stress Occurred in Strut”, Transactions of the Architectural Institute of Japan, vol. 89, 254, 1963.

[16] K.R. Chapman, E.J. Cording, and H. Jr. Schnabel, “Performance of a braced excavation in granular and cohesive soils”, in Proceedings of the Specialty Conference on Performance of earth and earth-supported structures, vol. 3. New York: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1972, pp. 271-294.

[17] Y.M.A. Hashash, C. Marulanda, K.A. Kershaw, E.J. Cording, D.L. Druss, D.J. Bobrow, and P.K. Das, “Temperature Correction and Strut Loads in Central Artery Excavations”, Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 129, no. 6, pp. 495-505, 2003, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:6(495).

[18] U. Tomczak, “Wpływ temperatury na przemieszczenia rozpieranych obudów głębokich wykopów”, PhD thesis, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, 2023.

Downloads

Published

2025-12-30

How to Cite

Tomczak, Urszula, et al. “The Influence of Temperature Change on Force Increase in Steel Struts Supporting Diaphragm Walls”. Archives of Civil Engineering, vol. 71, no. 4, Dec. 2025, pp. 329-41, doi:10.24425/ace.2025.156173.

Issue

Section

Articles