Zn and Zn alloys for Cardiovascular Stents: Influence of Manufacture Techniques on Microstructure, Mechanical and Corrosion Performance

Abstract

This review aims to explore the processing-structure-property relationship of Zn and Zn-based alloys developed for biodegradable cardiovascular stents. It assesses how conventional and advanced manufacturing techniques, including casting, extrusion, laser cutting, and additive manufacturing, affect the microstructure, mechanical performance, and degradation behavior of Zn-based materials. Particular emphasis is placed on the potential of additive manufacturing due to its ability to enhance microstructure, corrosion, and mechanical properties by adjusting the processing parameters and producing patient-specific stent geometries with enhanced precision and functionality. The review also addresses the unique processing challenges associated with Zn, such as high vaporization during laser processing. Additionally, the review identifies key knowledge gaps and outlines directions to support future research to advance Zn-based stents toward clinical translation as biodegradable cardiovascular stents.