Steam and gas microturbines. Overview
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24425/ather.2025.154921Abstract
In the contemporary energy landscape, governments are focusing on improving the efficiency of electricity generation and promoting distributed energy systems based on local and renewable sources. This has led to a substantial increase in the number of prosumer, polygeneration, and microgeneration power plants currently under development. In the case of micro-power plants, often turbine-based, particular emphasis is placed on the durability, reliability, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency of both individual components and the entire system. The construction of microturbine power plants involves several challenges, including component miniaturisation, achieving extremely high rotational speeds, efficient power transmission, maintaining adequate safety standards, reducing noise, minimising emissions of harmful compounds, and designing the electric generator. Additional difficulties concern the optimisation of thermodynamic and fluid-dynamic processes, the high-efficiency design of flow components, ensuring bearing and dynamic stability in high-speed rotating systems, miniaturising heat exchangers, and enhancing thermal processes. Despite the availability of commercial microturbine solutions, recent years have seen intensified research and development efforts. The evolution observed in this field suggests that efforts to improve efficiency, durability, reliability, and cost-effectiveness will continue, strongly supported by government involvement. Current progress and accumulated experience have enabled the development of engineering calculation methods for microturbine design, a crucial element of microgrids. This paper reviews the existing literature on microturbines, with particular attention to experimental results and examples of practical designs. It also outlines the main challenges faced by designers and engineers in developing such systems.References
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