Experimental investigation of the performance and emission characteristics of cotton seed biodiesel / diesel blends with titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Authors

  • Santhosh Kumar Dubba Aditya Institute of Technology and Management, Tekkali 532201, Andhrapradesh, India; Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, Uttarakhand, India
  • Raminaidu Pisini Aditya Institute of Technology and Management, Tekkali 532201, Andhrapradesh, India
  • Durgaprasad Kelli Aditya Institute of Technology and Management, Tekkali 532201, Andhrapradesh, India
  • Roopsandeep Bammidi Aditya Institute of Technology and Management, Tekkali 532201, Andhrapradesh, India
  • Jaya Prasad Vanam Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada 533003, Andhrapradesh, India
  • Narayana Turali Aditya Institute of Technology and Management, Tekkali 532201, Andhrapradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24425/ather.2025.156587

Keywords

biodiesel, cotton seed biodiesel, titanium dioxide, transesterification, VCR engine, nanoparticle

Abstract

This study uniquely investigates cotton seed oil as a biodiesel source, a less-explored feedstock, and evaluates the role of TiO2 nanoparticles in enhancing performance and emission characteristics. The use of a variable compression ratio engine under diverse load conditions further distinguishes this work from existing studies on nanoparticle-blended biofuels. The biodiesel was produced via transesterification and blended at various proportions, with and without TiO2 additives. Experimental tests were conducted on a variable compression ratio diesel engine under varying load conditions: one-fourth, half, three-fourths, and full load. The results were compared against conventional diesel fuel. Among the tested blends, B40 (40% biodiesel, 60% diesel) without TiO2 exhibited the highest brake thermal efficiency, exceeding that of diesel by 5.4%, and achieved the highest mechanical efficiency (58.31%) at full load condition. Fuel consumption increased proportionally with load across all fuel types. Notably, B40 without TiO2 also recorded the lowest hydrocarbon emissions, with a reduction of 34 ppm at full load, which corresponds to a 45% decrease compared to conventional diesel. Carbon monoxide emissions were effectively eliminated in TiO2-blended fuels due to improved combustion. Additionally, nitrogen oxides emissions were reduced by 1.1% in B40 when TiO2 was incorporated. Overall, the findings highlight that cotton seed biodiesel, particularly when enhanced with TiO2 nanoparticles, can offer substantial improvements in engine performance and emission control compared to conventional diesel.

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Published

2025-09-30

How to Cite

Kumar Dubba, Santhosh, et al. “Experimental Investigation of the Performance and Emission Characteristics of Cotton Seed Biodiesel Diesel Blends With Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles”. Archives of Thermodynamics, vol. 46, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 151-6, doi:10.24425/ather.2025.156587.

Issue

Vol. 46 No. 3 (2025)

Section

Articles

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