The Determinants of Presenteeism in Selected European Countries - Modelling from Geographical and Gender Perspectives

Abstract

In this paper we analyze motives (person-, work-, and organizational-related)
of presenteeism among employees in selected European countries. We applied
questions on presenteeism from European Working Conditions Surveys (EWCS)
for 2010-2021. Based on the preliminary outcomes we observe that presenteeism
is gender and geographical-dependent. Therefore, we use geographically
weighted regression (GWR) to model determinants of phenomena. We find
that men are more motivated by economic issues (the level of earnings, type
of work contract, household financial situation, gander pay gap) but women
are guided by so-called emotional factors (having children at home or work
requiring direct contact with customers). The type of employment contract
and fact of having children at home also has an impact on presenteeism. The
results of the GWR show that, regardless of gender, there are countries for
which the influence of multiple factors was recorded simultaneously, e.g. Spain,
Malta, Portugal. However, there are countries for which no influence of factors
on presenteeism was identified, e.g. Germany, Slovakia, Sweden, Hungary,
Luxemburg or Finland and therefore, the motives of presenteeism should
be analysed separately. Finally, the country policy insurance arrangements
contribute to the presenteeism.