Soil bacterial community associated with twisted disease of shallot plants with the addition of casuarina and maize leaf litters
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24425/jppr.2026.158742Abstract
Twisted disease caused by Fusarium is one of the causes of the decline in shallot production
in Indonesia. Disease management by adding Casuarina leaf litter and maize leaf litter
during planting time has suppressed twisted disease incidence and increased shallot production
in previous studies. Bacterial communities can influence disease suppression and
increase plant production in soil. However, the effect of adding Casuarina and maize leaf
litter on the soil bacterial community, and its impact on suppressing twisted disease is still
unknown in shallot planting. In addition, no further studies have been conducted on the
effectiveness of the application time of Casuarina and maize leaf litter. This study aimed to
determine the best application time of leaf litter in suppressing twisted disease, the effect of
changes in soil bacterial communities, and bacteria that act as core microbe, biomarkers,
and keystone taxa. Results showed that adding Casuarina and maize leaf litter during planting
time was more effective than adding Casuarina and maize leaf litter two weeks before
planting. The diversity and abundance of bacteria in soil with the addition of Casuarina
leaf litter (C) were higher than those of maize leaf litter (J). In addition, Pseudarthrobacter
was found in group C, which acts as a core microbe, biomarker, and keystone taxa that
may be able to suppress pathogens that cause twisted disease. Paenibacillus acts as a core
microbe, biomarker, and keystone taxa in group J, which may increase shallot production.
This study’s results will help develop effective twisted disease management strategies to
control disease development.
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