Dynamic coordination of photovoltaic-storage-charging in transportation service areas considering photovoltaic fluctuation

Abstract

This article proposes a dynamic coordination and scheduling method for photovoltaic, energy storage, and charging systems in highway service areas. Based on the topology of the DC distribution network in the service area, we analyse the dynamic characteristics of each element, characterise the photovoltaic stochastic process using beta distribution and construct a multi-objective model. The objectives include maximising photovoltaic integration, minimising output tracking deviation and system operating costs, and maximising energy storage revenue, as well as integrating photovoltaic output, energy storage state of charge, and charging load fluctuations into an uncertainty set, embedding robust constraints to enhance anti-interference, and combining fuzzy membership functions with an improved whale optimisation algorithm to achieve multi-objective optimisation. Simulation results show that this method effectively smooths the peak to valley load, reducing the peak load to below 300 kW and reducing the peak to valley difference to 200 kW. Under various fluctuation scenarios, the photovoltaic utilization rate exceeds 90%, energy storage output is safe, and user comfort loss remains stable between 0.102 and 0.113. This study provides a dynamic scheduling solution for energy systems in the field of transportation services, balancing renewable energy integration, economic efficiency, safety, and user experience.