Changes in rosmarinic acid content in Salvia abrotanoides and Salvia yangii callus cultures under LED light and growth regulator treatments

Abstract

Salvia yangii (B.T. Drew) and Salvia abrotanoides (Kar.) Sytsma are perennial shrubs native to central-west Asia. Previous studies have highlighted the distinct metabolic profiles of these species, although little is known about the phytochemical profile of their tissue cultures. This study presents the first report on callus cultures of S. yangii and S. abrotanoides derived from various plant organs such as root, cotyledon, hypocotyl, petiole and leaf. The effect of two types of light and the supplementation of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on growth and metabolic profile was investigated. Specifically, white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and a mix of blue and red LEDs in a 15:85 ratio were used, alongside kinetin or 6-benzyloaminopurin (1.0 μM), 1-naphtalenieacetic acid (1.0 μM), and 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (0.5 μM). The UHPLC-DAD analysis showed rosmarinic acid (RA) as the predominant compound in extracts. Culture conditions significantly influenced the RA content, as well as the levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The study provides new insights into the tissue cultures of S. yangii and S. abrotanoides, enriching the current knowledge of these valuable species.