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Analiza wpływu detonatorów elektronicznych na jakość konturu wyrobiska
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24425/ace.2021.138059Abstrakt
Obserwowany w dzisiejszych czasach rozwój metod tunelowania ukierunkowany jest przede wszystkim na redukcję czasu i kosztu budowy. Efektywność jest najważniejszym czynnikiem w procesie planowania i realizacji konstrukcji. W przypadku metod klasycznych budowy tuneli istotny wpływ na efektywność metody ma dobór sposobu urabiania masywu skalnego. W artykule do analizy wybrano technikę strzałową (drill and blast), w której efektywność można opisywać za pomocą wielu czynników, takich jak: stosunek rzeczywistej długości postępu przodka do długości wierconych otworów, poziom drgań i hałasu oraz jakość konturu tunelu, która może być scharakteryzowana poprzez przebranie, niedobranie oraz chropowatość konturu [7-14]. Minimalizacja wartości wszystkich wyżej wymienionych czynników pozwala na optymalizację procesu budowy. Jednym z istotniejszych czynników, przyczyniającym się do redukcji czasu realizacji i kosztu obiektu w odniesieniu do użycia materiałów wybuchowych, stosowanych elementów zabezpieczenia masywu skalnego, czy ograniczenia wywozu ponadplanowego urobku, jest jakość konturu tunelu [15-16]. W literaturze, wielu autorów podkreśla znaczenie dokładności wiercenia [20-29] oraz zastosowanego sposobu inicjacji ładunków wybuchowych w odniesieniu do osiągniętej jakości konturu [30-39]. W artykule podjęto się analizy zagadnienia wpływu stosowania zapalników elektronicznych w miejsce nieelektrycznych na jakość konturu. Zagadnienie analizowano na podstawie wyników badań prowadzonych na projekcie Sandvika-Wøyen. W tunelu Kjørbo-Mølla, części tunelu Bjørnegård, który realizowany był metodą strzałową (D&B), testowano różne detonatory jako układ inicjujący wybuch. Analiza została wykonana na podstawie danych z badań terenowych, z siedmiu rund podstawowych z użyciem zwykłych zapalników nieelektrycznych i pięciu rund testowych z zapalnikami elektronicznymi.Bibliografia
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