Wytyczne do modelowania mes belek drewno-CFRP z wykorzystaniem programu ABAQUS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24425/ace.2021.138493Abstrakt
Artykuł przedstawia szczegółowe wytyczne do nieliniowego modelowania belek o pełnym przekroju wykonanych z kompozytu drewno-CFRP z wykorzystaniem Metody Elementów Skończonych (MES). Przegląd literatury pokazał, że zachowanie takich kompozytów jest aktualnym tematem badawczym, podejmowanym przez wielu naukowców. Podstawą zaproponowanych rekomendacji są złożone modele numeryczne wykonane w programie Simulia ABAQUS. Parametry materiałowe uwzględniają ortotropię plastyczność drewna i taśm CFRP, jak również sztywność warstw klejowych i możliwość ich delaminacji. Założenia modelu zostały potwierdzone badaniami laboratoryjnymi przeprowadzonymi na ważnej statystycznie liczbie próbek. Powyższe opracowanie zapewnia bogate źródło wiedzy i doświadczeń dla inżynierów i naukowców zajmujących się mechaniką kompozytów drewno-CFRP. Unikalność artykułu polega na dokładnym opisie złożonego modelu numerycznego, który przedstawia kroki niezbędne do wykonania kompletnych obliczeń.Bibliografia
[1] J. Fiorelli and A.A. Dias, “Analysis of the strength and stiffness of timber beams reinforced with carbon fiber and glass fiber”, Materials Research, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 193-202, 2003, DOI: 10.1590/S1516-14392003000200014.
[2] P.G. Kossakowski, “Load-Bearing Capacity of Wooden Beams Reinforced with Composite Sheets”, Structure, pp. 1-9, 2011.
[3] Y.J. Kim and K. A. Harries, “Modeling of timber beams strengthened with various CFRP composites”, Engineering Structures, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 3225-3234, 2010, DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.06.011.
[4] Y.J. Kim, M. Hossain, and K.A. Harries, “CFRP strengthening of timber beams recovered from a 32-year old quonset: Element and system level tests”, Engineering Structures, vol. 57, pp. 213-221, 2013, DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2013.09.028.
[5] M. Corradi et al., “Uncertainty analysis of FRP reinforced timber beams”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 113, pp. 174-184, 2017, DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.01.030.
[6] A.M.P. de Jesus, J.M.T. Pinto, and J.J.L. Morais, “Analysis of solid wood beams strengthened with CFRP laminates of distinct lengths”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 35, pp. 817-828, 2012, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.04.124.
[7] K. Andor et al., “Experimental and statistical analysis of spruce timber beams reinforced with CFRP fabric”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 99, pp. 200-207, 2015, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.09.026.
[8] A. Borri, M. Corradi, and A. Grazini, “A method for flexural reinforcement of old wood beams with CFRP materials”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 143-153, 2005, DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb. 2004.04.013.
[9] P. de la Rosa García et al., “Bending reinforcement of timber beams with composite carbon fiber and basalt fiber materials”, Composites, Part B: Engineering, vol. 55, pp. 528-536, 2013, DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb. 2013.07.016.
[10] P. de la Rosa García, A. Cobo Escamilla, and M.N. González García, “Analysis of the flexural stiffness of timber beams reinforced with carbon and basalt composite materials”, Composites, Part B: Engineering, vol. 86, pp. 152-159, 2016, DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.10.003.
[11] B. Kawecki and J. Podgórski, “The Effect of Glue Cohesive Stiffness on the Elastic Performance of Bent Wood-CFRP Beams”, Materials, vol. 13, no. 22, pp. 1-23, 2020, DOI: 10.3390/ma13225075.
[12] L.J. Jankowski, J. Jasienko, and T.P. Nowak, “Experimental assessment of CFRP reinforced wooden beams by 4-point bending tests and photoelastic coating technique”, Materials and Structures, vol. 43, no. 1-2, pp. 141-150, 2010, DOI: 10.1617/s11527-009-9476-0.
[13] T.P. Nowak, J. Jasienko, and D. Czepizak, “Experimental tests and numerical analysis of historic bent timber elements reinforced with CFRP strips”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 40, pp. 197-206, 2013, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.09.106.
[14] K.U. Schober and K. Rautenstrauch, “Post-strengthening of timber structures with CFRP’s”, Materials and Structures, vol. 40, no. 1, pp. 27-35, 2007, DOI: 10.1617/s11527-006-9128-6.
[15] A.Vahedian, R. Shrestha, and K. Crews, “Experimental and analytical investigation on CFRP strengthened glulam laminated timber beams: Full-scale experiments”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 164, pp. 377-389, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.12.007.
[16] E.R. Thorhallsson, G.I. Hinriksson, and J.T. Snæbjörnsson, “Strength and stiffness of glulam beams reinforced with glass and basalt fibres”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 115, pp. 300-307, 2017, DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.09.074.
[17] M. Brunetti et al., “Production feasibility and performance of carbon fibre reinforced glulam beams manufactured with polyurethane adhesive”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 156, pp. 212-219, 2019, DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2018.08.075.
[18] I. Glišović et al., “Glulam beams externally reinforced with CFRP plates”, Wood Research, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 141-154, 2016.
[19] I. Glišović, B. Stevanović, and M. Todorović, “Flexural reinforcement of glulam beams with CFRP plates”, Materials and Structures, vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 2841-2855, 2016, DOI: 10.1617/s11527-015-0690-7.
[20] M. Subhani, A. Globa, R. Al-Ameri, and J. Moloney, “Flexural strengthening of LVL beam using CFRP”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 150, pp. 480-489, 2017, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.06.027.
[21] J. Fiorelli and A.A. Dias, “Glulam beams reinforced with FRP externally-bonded: theoretical and experimental evaluation”, Materials and Structures, vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 1431-1440, 2011, DOI: 10.1617/s11527-011-9708-y.
[22] G.M. Raftery and A.M. Harte, “Low-grade glued laminated timber reinforced with FRP plate”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 724-735, 2011, DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.01.029.
[23] G.M. Raftery and A.M. Harte, “Nonlinear numerical modelling of FRP reinforced glued laminated timber”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 52, pp. 40-50, 2013, DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.03.038.
[24] G.M. Raftery and P.D. Rodd, “FRP reinforcement of low-grade glulam timber bonded with wood adhesive”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 91, pp. 116-125, 2015, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.05.026.
[25] S. Osmannezhad, M. Faezipour, and G. Ebrahimi, “Effects of GFRP on bending strength of glulam made of poplar (Populus deltoids) and beech (Fagus orientalis)”, Construction and Building Materials, vol. 51, pp. 34-39, 2014, DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.10.035.
[26] H. Shi et al., “Flexural responses and pseudo-ductile performance of lattice-web reinforced GFRP-wood sandwich beams”, Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 108, pp. 364-376, 2017, DOI: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.10.009.
[27] I. Glišović et al., “Numerical analysis of glulam beams reinforced with CFRP plates”, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 868-879, 2017, DOI: 10.3846/13923730.2017.1341953.
[28] M. Khelifa et al., “Finite element analysis of flexural strengthening of timber beams with Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polymers”, Engineering Structures, vol. 101, pp. 364-375, 2015, DOI: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.07.046.
[29] Simulia ABAQUS, User’s Guide, 2019.
[30] B. Kawecki and J. Podgórski, “3D ABAQUS simulation of bent softwood elements”, Archives of Civil Engineering, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 323-337, 2020, DOI: 10.24425/ace.2020.134400.
[31] A. Turon et al., “An engineering solution for mesh size effects in the simulation of delamination using cohesive zone models”, Engineering Fracture Mechanics, vol. 74, no. 10, pp. 1665-1682, 2007, DOI: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.08.025.
[32] M.L. Benzeggagh and M. Kenane, “Measurement of mixed-mode delamination fracture toughness of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites with mixed-mode bending apparatus”, Composites Science and Technology, vol. 56, pp. 439-449, 1996, DOI: 10.1016/0266-3538(96)00005-X.
[33] B.H. Xu et al., “Fracture toughnesses of interlaminar fracture of glued-laminated timber”, Wood Research, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 951-958, 2016.
[34] A. Demir et al., “Effect of viscosity parameter on the numerical simulation of reinforced concrete deep beam behavior”, The Online Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 50-56, 2018.
[35] R.H. Hemanth et al., “Performance evaluation of finite elements for analysis of advanced hybrid laminates”, in ABAQUS User’s Conference, pp. 1-15, 2010.
[36] P.P. Camanho et al., “Numerical simulation of mixed-mode progressive delamination in composite materials”, Journal of Composite Materials, vol. 37, no. 16, pp. 1415-1438, 2003, DOI: 10.1177/0021998303034505.
[37] L. Vu-Quoc and X.G. Tan, “Optimal solid shells for non-linear analyses of multilayer composites. I. Statics”, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol. 192, no. 9-10, pp. 975-1016, 2003, DOI: 10.1016/S0045-7825(02)00435-8.
English
Język Polski