Congestion avoidance in DEC protocol using Leaky Bucket Algorithm

Abstrakt

A wireless sensor network is vital in various fields
and entails of a large number of sensor nodes. These nodes
perform multiple functions, such as sensing, processing,
communication, and power management. In such networks, a
large amount of data is generated and transmitted from sensor
nodes to the destination. During data transmission, congestion
may occur at the cluster head as well as during communication
between sensor nodes. This congestion mainly arises due to
inefficient resource allocation and uneven traffic distribution. The
main reason for packet loss and the need for retransmission are
due to traffic imbalance and congestion. To avoid such
circumstances an efficient flow control and congestion controlling
schemes need to be adapted. To manage congestion control, a
limited number of wireless sensor networks with different
protocols are employed. The Deterministic Energy Efficient
Clustering (DEC) protocol, which relies entirely on residual
energy, is considered to minimize energy consumption. This
protocol, along with the leaky bucket algorithm, is used to
regulate data flow at the cluster head and effectively control
congestion in the network. This idea offers a solution to address
traffic congestion and makes improvements to the situation in the
event that it arises. Simulation results show that the defined
method can considerably advance increases in lifetime, energy
and throughput.