Analysis of impact of atmospheric attenuation and measurement uncertainties on laser hazard distances in navigable airspace for visible cw laser radiation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2023.144869Abstract
This document provides a simplified solution to the problem of calculation of laser hazard distances defined in the Advisory Circular 70-1B by the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration regarding atmospheric attenuation (assuming its constant value) and measurement uncertainties. The calculation approaches and examples presented in this document do not specify the procedure that should be followed in the case of atmospheric attenuation, nor do they take into account the uncertainties associated with the measured parameters. The analysis presented in the article complements to some extent AC 70-1B and can be used by those who need such a simplified solution regarding illumination of landing or taking off aircrafts. The article presents a sample analysis for a typical laser pointer, where the necessary parameters of the laser beam along with the appropriate uncertainties were determined in accordance with the methods accredited by the Polish Centre for Accreditation while the appropriate laser hazard distances were calculated taking into account different atmospheric attenuation coefficients.References
[1] Murphy, P., & Hewett, D. (2017, March). FDA’s proposed change to the regulation of laser pointers. In International Laser Safety Conference (Vol. 2017, No. 1, pp. 194-204). Laser Institute of America. https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5056877
[2] Murphy, P. (2019, March). Reducing hazards of consumer laser pointer misuse. In International Laser Safety Conference (Vol. 2019, No. 1, p. 603). Laser Institute of America. https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5118587
[3] EASA. (2021). European Plan for Aviation Safety 2021-2025. https://www.easa.europa.eu/en/document-library/general-publications/european-plan-aviation-safety-2021-2025
[4] Federal Aviation Administration. (2022). Dangerous Laser Strikes Reach Highest Numbers. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration. https://www.faa.gov/newsroom/dangerous-laser-strikes-reach-highest-numbers
[5] Federal Aviation Administration. (2022). Advisory Circular 70-1B. Outdoor Laser Operations. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration. https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/advisory_circulars/index.cfm/go/document.information/documentNumber/70-1B
[6] Lyon, T. L. (1985). Hazard analysis technique for multiple wavelength lasers. Health Physics, 49(2), 221-226. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-198508000-00002
[7] Henderson, R., & Schulmeister, K. (2003). Laser safety. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420034042
[8] Murphy, P. (2015, March). Laser safety concepts for aviation. In International Laser Safety Conference (Vol. 2015, No. 1, pp. 214-225). Laser Institute of America. https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5056841
[9] American National Standards Institute. (2014). Safe Use of Lasers (ANSI Z136.1-2022). https://blog.ansi.org/ansi-z136-1-2022-safe-use-of-lasers/
[10] International Electrotechnical Commission. (2014). Safety of Laser Products - Part 1: Equipment Classification and Requirements (IEC 60825-1:2014). https://webstore.iec.ch/publication/3587
[11] Mlynczak, J. (2022). Calculation and analysis of laser hazard distances in navigable airspace for multibeam visible CW laser radiation. Advanced Optical Technologies, 11(1-2), 33-46. https://doi.org/10.1515/aot-2022-0004
[12] Mlynczak, J., Kopczynski, K., Kaliszewski, M., & Wlodarski, M. (2021). Estimation of nominal ocular hazard distance and nominal ocular dazzle distance for multibeam laser radiation. Applied Optics, 60(30), 6414-6421. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.431490
[13] Taylor, J. R. (1998). An introduction to error analysis: the study of uncertainties in physical measurements (2nd ed.). University Science Books.
