Development of four-terminal pair sampling-based digital impedance bridge
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24425/mms.2025.152771Abstract
This paper describes recent hardware and software improvements of four-terminal pair (4TP) sampling-based digital impedance bridges being developed at the Silesian University of Technology and the Central Office of Measures. These improvements are based on the use of a new dual-output coaxial multiplexer and modified software responsible for complex voltage ratio measurement. The paper presents the advantages and construction of the new multiplexer. Errors caused by multiplexer switching and cross-capacitance measurements are discussed. The new setup offers improved accuracy of impedance measurements due to the good symmetry of the circuit and averaging results from two digitizers.References
[1] Overney, F., Flowers-Jacobs, N.E., Jeanneret, B., Rufenacht, A., Fox, A.E., Dresselhaus, P.D, & Benz, S. (2020). Dual Josephson impedance bridge: towards a universal bridge for impedance metrology, Metrologia, 57(6), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ab948d
[2] Bauer, S., Behr, R., Hagen, T., Kieler, O., Lee, J., Palafox, L., & Schurr, J. (2017). A novel two-terminal-pair pulse-driven Josephson impedance bridge linking a 10 nF capacitance standard to the quantized Hall resistance, Metrologia, 54(2), 152-160. https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/aa5ba8
[3] Pimsut, Y., Bauer, S., Kaus, M., Behr, R., Kuskopf, M., Kieler, O., & Palafox, L. (2024). Development and implementation of an automated four-terminal-pair Josephson impedance bridge, Metrologia, 61, 025007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ad2539
[4] Marzano, M., Pimsut, Y., Kuskopf, M., Yin, Y., Karus, M., D’Elia, V., Callegaro, L., Ortolano, M., Bauer, S., & Berh, R. (2022). PTB-INRIM comparison of novel digital impedance bridges with graphene impedance quantum standards, Metrologia, 59. https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ac9187
[5] Kucera, J., & Kovac, J. (2018). A Reconfigurable Four Terminal-Pair Digitally Assisted and Fully Digital Impedance Ratio Bridge. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 67(5), 1199-1206. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2790538
[6] Feige, M., Schlamminger, S., Koffman, A.D., Jarrett, D.G., Payagala, S., Panna, A., Waltrip, B.C., Berilla, M., Seifert, F., & Wang, Y. (2022). Comparison of a 100-pF Capacitor with a 12 906-Ω Resistor Using a Digital Impedance Bridge. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 71, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2021.3139709
[7] Ortolano, M., Palafox, L., Kučera, J., Callegaro, L., D’Elia, V., Marzano, M., Overney, F., & Gülmez, G. (2018). An international comparison of phase angle standards between the novel impedance bridges of CMI, INRIM and METAS. Metrologia, 55(4), 499-512. https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/aabf24
[8] Musioł, K., Kampik, M., Ziółek, A., & Jursza, J. (2022). Experiences with a new sampling-based four-terminal-pair digital impedance bridge. Measurement, 205, 112159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2022.112159
[9] Awan, S., Kibble, B., & Schurr, J. (2011). Coaxial Electrical Circuits for Interference-Free Measurements. The Institution of Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1049/pbel013e
[10] Callegaro, L. (2012). Electrical Impedance. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b13069
[11] Kampik, M., & Musioł, K. (2021). Investigations of the high-performance source of digitally synthesized sinusoidal voltage for primary impedance metrology. Measurement, 168, 108308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108308
[12] Nissila, J., Sira, M., Lee, J., Ozturk, T., Arifovic, M., de Aguilar, J.D., Lapuh, R., & Behr, R. (2016). Stable arbitrary waveform generator as a transfer standard for ADC calibration. 2016 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2016), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1109/cpem.2016.7540454
[13] Kozioł, M., Kaczmarek, J., & Rybski, R. (2019). Characterization of PXI-Based Generators for Impedance Measurement Setups. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 68(6), 1806-1813. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2893715
[14] Ortolano, M., Marzano, M., D’Elia, V., Mai Tran, N.T., Rybski, R., Kaczmarek, J., Kozioł, M., Musioł, K., Christensen, A.E., Callegaro, L., Kucera, J., & Power, O. (2021). A Comprehensive Analysis of Error Sources in Electronic Fully Digital Impedance Bridges. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 70, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2020.3034115
[15] Panasonic Corporation (2019). High sensitivity, 50 mW Nominal operating power, 2 Form C and 1 A relays, TX-S. ASCTB15E 201908.
[16] Musioł, K., & Kampik, M. (2024). Zmodernizowany układ cyfrowego komparatora impedancji czteroportowych. Systemy pomiarowe w badaniach naukowych i w przemyśle. XV konferencja naukowa. (in Polish)
[17] Callegaro, L. (2005). On Strategies for Automatic Bridge Balancing. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 54(2), 529-532. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2004.843126
