Testing an FPGA-based quantum bit emulator as a random number generator

Abstract

This study investigates the capability of a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based quantum bit (QUBIT) emulator to replicate the quantum superposition state with randomness evaluation serving as the primary verification method. The QUBIT device is built on the FPGA, an integrated circuit that is a massively parallel array of independent logic elements. Using two QUBIT devices, a simple random number generator is created and statistical tests are used to verify randomness. These tests provide a quantitative measure of randomness quality, reflecting the emulator effectiveness at mimicking quantum superposition. The results offer insights into the limitations and potential of using the emulator (QUBIT) as an alternative to a physical quantum system. Randomness of generated numbers (bit strings) was tested with the NIST Statistical Test Suite (SP 800-22), widely regarded as the standard for randomness evaluation. In total, 106 bits were generated and tested with different block lengths: 10 blocks of 105 bits and 100 blocks of 104 bits. The observed deviations indicate that while the emulator can serve as an educational tool, its statistical properties currently limit its applicability in cryptographic contexts.